Camera Angles - Low Angle

A Low angle looks up at the character which makes them seem extremely powerful and important, it increases the height and gives a sense of speeded motion. It is placed below eye level, with the camera looking up at the subject. This can make the audience feel vunerable and small by looking up at the character. The background of a low angle shot will tend to be sky or ceiling, the lack of detail about the setting adding the disorientation of the viewer. The added height of the object may make it inspire fear and insecurity in the viewer, who is psychologically dominated by the figure on screen. In movies the character who is mostly seen from a low angle is a villain or the bad person because it automatically lets the audience know that this person is powerful.

Camera Angles - Long Shot

A long shot, sometimes reffered to as a wide shot or full shot, typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. It has been said that the long shot ranges usually correspond to approximately what would be the distance between the front row of the audience and the stage in live theatre. The full shot should be of the head near the top of the frame and the feet near the bottom of the frame. While the focus is on the character, plenty of background detail still emerges. The small amount of room above and below the subject can be thought of as safety room.

Camera Angles - Pan Shot

A Pan shot is the horizontal movement or rotation of a still camera, or the scanning of a subject horizontally on video or display device. It is mostly used for following action or giving movement to a scene that otherwise would be static. The Pan shot can be used as a dramatic implement, for example in a horror movie when the character sees something that shocks her in the distance, the camera would slowly pan in the direction she is looking, adding suspence to the scene and making it more effective.

Camera Angles - Birds Eye View

This angle is a Birds Eye View shot, it makes it seem as if you are looking directly down onto the scene, making the character seem small and insignificant. These shots are usually used in battle scenes or establishing where the character is. This puts the viewer in a godlike position, looking down onto the action.
A director would usually use this shot to make some kind of dramatic comment on a character or scene. Birds Eye View shots can invoke feelings of control, possessiveness, understanding and acceptance in viewers. It might also be used to draw attention to how a character is feeling, having a Birds Eye View shot on one person could make them seem lonely or upset. Another way it could be used is to show where a character is and what is surrounding them, by using one shot you can get a good idea of what is happening.

Camera Angles - Close Up

In a close-up shot, a certain feature or part of the subject takes up most of the frame. A close up of a person usually means a close up of their face, close-ups are useful for showing detail. A close-up of a person emphasizes their emotional state and lets the audience see clearer the persons expression.

Camera Shots - Match On Action

Match on action, also called cutting on action, is a technique used when the director cuts from one shot to another, which creates the impression of continuous time. The movement or gesture of one character seems to be continued to completed in the next shot. However if movement from one shot to the other are not matched the action would loose it illusion of seamless continuity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RjfGD1RTW8&NR=1
 In this youtube clip you can see examples of a match on action shot and the ways in which to create the proper effect that one movement carries on into another shot.

Camera Shots - 180-degree Rule

The 180-degree rule which is also called the 'Line of Action' or 'Axis Line' is a common shot to use during an action scene so you can tell whats going on; it follows whats happening. You draw an imaginary line between two characters and keep the camera on one side of them throughout the entire scene.Sometimes the filmmaker will purposely break the line of action in order to create disorientation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNOT9iHDSXU
In this youtube clip they explain the ways that the 180-degree rule is used and use examples to show you how effective it can be. They also tell you how if you break the rule it can make it harder for the viewer to understand what is happening.

Camera Shots - Shot Reverse Shot

A shot reverse shot is a classic technique used in most Hollywood films which creates the effect of two characters looking and talking to each other. It shows one character looking at the other, then it switches onto the second character looking back at the first. The way that this is shot makes the viewer assume that the two characters are talking to each other.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLkUHZ1qips
In this youtube clip they are showing you what a shot reverse shot is like and how the characters are shown on the screen to the viewers. You can see the back of one person while you can see the other person talking or looking at them and then it swaps to the second person, showing you the reverse.